Margaret Sanger s Margaret Louise Sanger - 1131 Words

According to the biography, â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† (2007), Margaret was born on September 14, 1879 in Corning, New York. She was born to her parents, Anne Purcell and Michael Hennessey Higgins, who were Irish Catholic Immigrants. Shortly after the birth of her eleventh child, Anne Purcell died from tuberculosis; Margaret was nineteen (â€Å"The Pill† n.d.). While Margaret was the sixth of eleven children, she and her first husband, William Sanger, had three children together (â€Å"Margaret Louise Sanger† 2007). After a long life of nursing and advocating, Margaret died in Tucson, Arizona on September 6, 1966. Margaret Sanger devoted her life to make contraceptives and abortions available and legal for all women. Margaret was raised Catholic, and†¦show more content†¦Although there are many supporters of Margaret Sanger’s efforts, there are also people who combat these efforts by mentioning Sanger’s original mission which was to use â€Å"birth control as a means of reducing genetically transmitted mental and physical defects† as mentioned in Jennifer Chesworth’s article entitled â€Å"Margaret Sanger† (2005). Chesworth also mentioned how different her views were from that of Nazi Germany, which was mostly based on â€Å"reactionary eugenics†. One of Margaret’s most popular projects, which was co-founded with W.E.B. Du Bois, was â€Å"The Negro Project†. Due to segregation, birth control clinics in the South were closed to black women. The goal of this project was to open birth control clinics staffed by black doctors and nurses that also doubled as education centers for these women (Gandy 2015). According to Jennifer Chesworth’s article, â€Å"Margaret Sanger† (2005), Sanger opened the first birth-control clinic in 1916 in Brooklyn, New York. Due to the clinic’s opening, she and her staff were arrested. When they were released, they opened the seco nd clinic, called the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau. Here, females doctors and social workers were hired to research contraceptives and their effectiveness. Later, she founded the American Birth Control Federation which then turned into the Birth Control Federation of American. The Birth Control Federation of American was the precursor to the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

What Is Social Work free essay sample

Groups such as teachers, nurses and doctors identified themselves as ‘Social workers’, in so doing gave a broad definition of Social Work but failed to identify some of the more detailed aspects of the social work role. Thompson (2009). These are statutory duties which investigated children who were abused, supervising children who were cared for by the local authority and applying for a person to be locked up in an infirmary when their mental state presented a serious risk of harm to themselves others. Payne (1997) describes some varied approaches to social work; they are the ‘individualism – reformism, socialist – collectivism and reflective therapeutic. (Payne, cited in Thompson p. 13). ‘Individualism – reformism’ subscribes to the notion that Social Work is an activity meant for meeting the social welfare needs of a person while ‘socialist – collectivism’ seeks to encourage and actively endorse co operation in society. This enables those exploited and deprived to gain control and authority over their own lives. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Social Work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The ‘reflective therapeutic’ approach on the other hand promotes and encourages personal growth; this then enables people to deal with any anguish and disadvantages they experience. (Thompson, N. , 2005). Thompson (2009) states that to achieve these, the social worker is required to obtain certain skills to meet these goals. The Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work (CCETSW) printed an article in 1996 highlighting the various competences and skill a social worker must possess. This was to establish that they were ‘fit for practice’ while on placements and when qualified as practitioners. These consist of communication skills, self –awareness skills, critical skills, self management skills, reflective skills, creativity, compassion and observational skills and the ability to think on their feet. A practitioner has to be able to communicate or get their message across effectively. This was either through written or spoken words and being sensitive to what the service user was willing to communicate to the social worker and also engaging with them. This was one of the basic elements that contributed to effective practice. (Thompson, N. , 2009). Another area of skill needed published by CCETSW in 1996 was for practitioners to encourage opportunities and persuade service users to use their own capabilities and strengths, to enable them meet their responsibilities, protect rights and be able to accomplish change. Both the social worker and the service user bring a degree of knowledge to most situations, hence working in partnership will involve recognising and building on that knowledge. As social workers are seen by most service users as ‘problem solvers’, there is a tendency that the focus will be on the ‘problem and negatives’, thereby ignoring the strengths and positives that a service user might have. Reflective practise enables a social worker to learn and improve on practise as they avoid uncritical and routine practise and are open to new ideas. (Thompson, N. , 2009). The ability to learn from practice is a precursor to developing other skills such as conflict management and partnership skills. (Thompson, N. , 2009). This is achieved through reviewing practice on a regular basis and not losing sight of objectives that have been identified and agreed upon. Evaluating practice by inviting feedback from clients enables a social worker to reflect on their practice. Thompson (2009) highlights the need for social workers to have sensitivity and observational skills as many aspects of social work are emotionally highly charged. Social Work does not only rely on the skills of the practitioner, it incorporates ethics and values and the legal framework that governs it.